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Mary Calderone |
Both of the Cemetery of Choice deaths that took place on this date are abortions that were perpetrated by Chicago doctors who won notoriety as abortionists.
As then-Planned Parenthood Federation medical director Mary Calderone estimated in the July, 1960 American Journal of Public Health, "90 per cent of all illegal abortions are presently being done by physicians."
Another researcher, Nancy Howell Lee, estimated in The Search for an Abortionist (1969) that 89% of illegal abortions were being done by physicians.
These estimates are the result of independent research. Calderone was basing her estimates on Planned Parenthood's 1955 conference "Abortion in America," in which physicians, public health officials, and even one criminal abortionist worked together to draw as accurate picture as possible. Lee based her estimates on an extensive survey of women who had sought out abortions prior to legalization.
With that in mind, let's look at the women whose deaths we commemorate today.
Chicago, 1892: Dr. Lucy Hagenow
On Monday, December 12, 1892, Emily Anderson of Milwaukee Avenue, Chicago, died of peritonitis from a criminal abortion. Emily, 32-year-old widow of Andrew Anderson, kept a boarding house at 732 Milwaukee Avenue.
Dr. A. P. Ohlenocher, whose office was just up the street from the unfortunate young woman's home, testified that he had been called in to attend to her. A woman who was caring for Emily said that one of Emily's boarders, a shoe salesman named Henry Gilbspen, had gotten Emily pregnant. When Ohlenocher questioned Henry, he denied having gotten Emily pregnant, but he did tell the doctor that he had accompanied Emily to Dr. Lucy Hagenow's office at her request. Gilbspen even walked Dr. Ohlenocher to Hagenow's building to point it out. He insisted that he had not gone inside with his landlady.
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Dr. Lucy Hagenow |
Hagenow denied ever having seen Emily. Gilbspen turned State's evidence against Hagenow, but she was acquitted when the judge instructed the jury to return a not-guilty verdict, concluding on his own that the state had not produced sufficient evidence for a conviction.
Hagenow, who had already been tried multiple times for abortion deaths in San Francisco (Louise Duchow, Annie Dories, Emma Dep, and Abbia Richards) before moving to Chicago. There, she had already been implicated in the deaths of Minnie Deering and Sophia Kuhn. Hagenow went on to be tied to nearly a dozen more Cook County abortion deaths: Hannah Carlson, Marie Hecht, May Putnam, Lola Madison, Annie Horvatich, Lottie Lowy, Nina Pierce, Jean Cohen, Bridget Masterson, Elizabeth Welter, and Mary Moorehead.
Hagenow told reporters that she was able to ply her trade so successfully because she bribed officials and police officers. (Sources: Inquest No. 48 of 1892, Cook County, IL; "Dr. Hagenow in Trouble," The Daily Inter-Ocean, December 16, 1892; "Habeas Corpus Writ for Dr. Hagenow," The Daily Inter-Ocean, December 17, 1892; "Dr. Hagenow Admitted to Bail," The Daily Inter-Ocean, December 23, 1892; "Dr. Hagenow on Trial," The Daily Inter-Ocean, March 11, 1893; "Gelbspan Turns State's Evidence," The Daily Inter-Ocean, March 12, 1989)
Chicago, 1930: Dr. Emil Gleitsman
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Dr. Emil Gleitsman |
On December 1, 1930, 21-year-old Jeanette Reder underwent a criminal abortion at the Chicago office of 72-year-old Dr. Emil Gleitsman. Jeanette died December 12. Census records indicate that Jeanette, a German immigrant, had a 3-year-old daughter, worked as a machine operator in a clothing factory, and lived in a boarding house.
Gleitsman was indicted by a grand jury for homicide, but was acquitted on June 15, 1931. The source does not clarify why there was enough evidence to indict Gleitsman, but not enough to convict him.
Gleitsman had already been indicted for 22-year-old Lucille van Iderstine's abortion death in 1928.
After his acquittal for Jeanette's death he was later convicted three times on a single charge of manslaughter by abortion in the death of 21-year-old Mary Colbert in 1933, but each time his lawyer got a reversal and eventually the prosecutors gave up.
Gleitsman got in trouble again in 1937 for the death of 16-year-old Phyllis Brown. However, that death was eventually attributed to Dr. C. Harold Edmunds.
Like Hagenow, Gleitsman was a persistent abortionist. The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) noted in 1943 that the Illinois Supreme Court had upheld Gleitsman's 1942 murder by abortion conviction in connection with the death of Marie O'Malley, age 36. Gleitsman was sentenced to 14 years in prison. This linked him to a total of four abortion deaths, aside from whatever involvement he might have had in the Phyllis Brown case. ("Doctor Testifies Against Doctor in Murder Trial," Chicago Tribune, June 10, 1931)
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